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\u7531\u4e8e\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u672c\u8eab\u6781\u5c0f\uff08\u7ea680-120\u7eb3\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u66f4\u5927\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u643a\u5e26\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u5bf9\u6297\u6d41\u611f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7c97\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5728\u901a\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u5bf9\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u80fd\u529b\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5bf9\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6a21\u62df\u7a7a\u6c14\u4f20\u64ad\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u75c5\u6bd2\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8231\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u91c7\u6837\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee5\u53ca\u75c5\u6bd2\u68c0\u6d4b\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5229\u7528\u75c5\u6bd2\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u5c06\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08A\u578bH1N1\u4e9a\u578b\uff09\u5236\u5907\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u9897\u7c92\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8231\u5185\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5f85\u6d4b\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8231\u7684\u901a\u98ce\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u542b\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u6c14\u91c7\u6837\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u522b\u91c7\u96c6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u524d\u540e\u7a7a\u6c14\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u5b9a\u91cfPCR\uff08qPCR\uff09\u6280\u672f\u6d4b\u5b9a\u75c5\u6bd2RNA\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5faaISO 16890\u6807\u51c6\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fdASHRAE 52.2-2017\u5173\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u6e29\u5ea6\u572820-25\u2103\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e7f\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u572840%-60%\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a0.5 m\/s\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u5178\u578b\u5ba4\u5185\u901a\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u91cd\u590d\u4e09\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u7684\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08WHO\uff09\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5747\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u4e8c\u7ea7\uff08BSL-2\uff09\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d53\u5ea6\u901a\u8fc7qPCR\u6d4b\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u6362\u7b97\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f7d\u91cf\uff08copies\/m\u00b3\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u8868\u9762\u6b8b\u7559\u75c5\u6bd2\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u8131\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u5176\u706d\u6d3b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6750\u6599\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u4e94\u79cd\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff08\u7f16\u53f7\u5206\u522b\u4e3aF1-F5\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u524d\u8ff0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u53bb\u9664\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u6ee4\u6750\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u6210\u5206\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u88681\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u6b3e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6ee4\u6750\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6750\u6599\u3001\u989d\u5b9a\u98ce\u91cf\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u963b\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cF1-F5\u5747\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dF3\u548cF5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u94f6\u79bb\u5b50\u6d82\u5c42\uff0c\u800cF2\u548cF4\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u949b\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7f16\u53f7<\/th>\n\u6ee4\u6750\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6750\u6599<\/th>\n\u989d\u5b9a\u98ce\u91cf (m\u00b3\/h)<\/th>\n\u521d\u59cb\u963b\u529b (Pa)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
F1<\/td>\n\u65e0\u7eba\u5e03+\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n1200<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F2<\/td>\n\u805a\u916f\u7ea4\u7ef4<\/td>\n\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u949b<\/td>\n1000<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F3<\/td>\n\u73bb\u7483\u7ea4\u7ef4<\/td>\n\u94f6\u79bb\u5b50<\/td>\n1200<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F4<\/td>\n\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4<\/td>\n\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u949b<\/td>\n1100<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F5<\/td>\n\u590d\u5408\u6ee4\u6750<\/td>\n\u94f6\u79bb\u5b50+\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef<\/td>\n1300<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u88682\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a%\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0cF3\u548cF5\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8fbe\u523086.5%\u548c89.2%\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6750\u6599\u7684F1\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8662.3%\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u7387\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7f16\u53f7<\/th>\n\u5e73\u5747\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387 (%)<\/th>\n\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
F1<\/td>\n62.3<\/td>\n2.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F2<\/td>\n74.5<\/td>\n1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F3<\/td>\n86.5<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F4<\/td>\n78.9<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F5<\/td>\n89.2<\/td>\n1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c24\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u706d\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u89c1\u88683\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0cF3\u548cF5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u6291\u5236\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u75c5\u6bd2\u706d\u6d3b\u7387\u5206\u522b\u8fbe\u523081.4%\u548c84.7%\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u94f6\u79bb\u5b50\u6d82\u5c42\u548c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u5728\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7f16\u53f7<\/th>\n\u75c5\u6bd2\u706d\u6d3b\u7387 (%)<\/th>\n\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
F1<\/td>\n35.6<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F2<\/td>\n62.1<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F3<\/td>\n81.4<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F4<\/td>\n68.3<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F5<\/td>\n84.7<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u7efc\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8f83\u4f73\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u94f6\u79bb\u5b50\u6216\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u949b\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\u706d\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\u5747\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7c97\u6548\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5bf9\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u679c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u7c97\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5916\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u6548\uff08MERV 8-13\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\uff08HEPA\uff0cMERV 14-16\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d85\u9ad8\u6548\uff08ULPA\uff0cMERV 17-20\uff09\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4e5f\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u51c0\u5316\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7c97\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u81f4\u5bc6\u7684\u6ee4\u6750\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u73bb\u7ea4\u3001\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u6216\u9759\u7535\u589e\u5f3a\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u6355\u6349\u7c92\u5f84\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u75c5\u6bd2\u9644\u7740\u7684\u98de\u6cab\u6838\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cHEPA\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5bf90.3\u5fae\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u8fbe99.97%\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800cULPA\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u8fbe\u523099.999%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d01\u51c0\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9884\u9632\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08CDC\uff09\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u9662\u75c5\u623f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528HEPA\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u611f\u67d3\u98ce\u9669\uff08Mills et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08NHS\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u533b\u9662\u901a\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528HEPA\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u547c\u5438\u9053\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u95ee\u9898\uff08Health Protection Agency, 2011\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1HEPA\u548cULPA\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9ad8\u963b\u529b\u548c\u9ad8\u6602\u6210\u672c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u7528\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u7565\u900a\u4e8eHEPA\/ULPA\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u963b\u529b\u548c\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u901a\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u5382\u5546\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u7c97\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u6216\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5bf9\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u51c0\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff08Zhang et al., 2020\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u65b9\u9762\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901a\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e14\u9884\u7b97\u6709\u9650\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u800cHEPA\/ULPA\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5219\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6781\u9ad8\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d01\u51c0\u5ea6\u7684\u533b\u7597\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u73af\u5883\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6280\u672f\u7684\u590d\u5408\u578b\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u5347\u7a7a\u6c14\u51c0\u5316\u6548\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u54cd\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20<\/h2>\n

\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u53d7\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

1. \u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>
\n\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u5728\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5f53\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6269\u6563\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u9759\u7535\u5438\u9644\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fc7\u4f4e\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u98ce\u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u8fc7\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u60ef\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u7a7f\u900f\u6ee4\u6750\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u98ce\u901f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u901a\u98ce\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. \u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>
\n\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u901a\u5e38\u9644\u7740\u4e8e\u76f4\u5f84\u57280.5-5\u5fae\u7c73\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u98de\u6cab\u6838\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c92\u5f84\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u7c97\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u5bf91\u5fae\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u62e6\u622a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u9650\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u6216\u591a\u5c42\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u5fae\u5c0f\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n

3. \u8fc7\u6ee4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027<\/strong>
\n\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5b54\u5f84\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ee4\u6750\u5b54\u5f84\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u6c14\u963b\u529b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u590d\u5408\u6ee4\u6750\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\u5236\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c97\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u91c7\u7528\u9759\u7535\u589e\u5f3a\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e26\u7535\u9897\u7c92\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5438\u9644\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u6355\u83b7\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n

4. \u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/strong>
\n\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7c97\u6548\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53bb\u9664\u75c5\u6bd2\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6750\u6599\u5305\u62ec\u94f6\u79bb\u5b50\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u949b\u548c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7834\u574f\u75c5\u6bd2\u5305\u819c\u6216\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5931\u53bb\u611f\u67d3\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u957f\u671f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u94f6\u79bb\u5b50\u6d82\u5c42\u5728\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u8131\u843d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53ca\u66f4\u6362\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901f\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u9897\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6750\u6599\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5747\u5bf9\u7c97\u6548\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5408\u7406\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7b49\u7a7a\u6c14\u4f20\u64ad\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). (2017). ASHRAE Standard 52.2-2017: Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size<\/em>. Atlanta: ASHRAE. <\/li>\n
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). Influenza Virus Transmission<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/disease\/transmission.htm<\/a> <\/li>\n
  3. Health Protection Agency (HPA), UK. (2011). Use of HEPA filters in the control of airborne infection<\/em>. London: HPA Publications. <\/li>\n
  4. Marr, L. C., Tang, J. W., & Van Mullekom, J. (2019). Mechanistic insights into the effectiveness of masks and face coverings against transmission of respiratory viruses. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology<\/em>, 29(4), 448\u2013456. <\/li>\n
  5. Mills, D., Albert, B. J., & Park, J. (2018). The efficacy of high-efficiency particulate air filtration for reducing influenza virus in the air of hospital rooms. American Journal of Infection Control<\/em>, 46(1), 88\u201393. <\/li>\n
  6. Morawska, L., & Cao, J. (2020). Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: World Health Organization\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e13\u5bb6\u8054\u5408\u58f0\u660e. Environment International<\/em>, 139, 105730. <\/li>\n
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